My Linux Practice

Author: Heidi

  • Adding the LFS User

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    Ch. 4.3 of the manual. Add LFS user and group sudo groupadd lfssudo useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs This adds user lfs, -m creates a home directory for user lfs-k /dev/null prevents something-s /bin/bash makes bash its default shell. Add user lfs password sudo passwd lfs It responds “bad password” and…

  • (Not) updating Ubuntu

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    “Not all updates can be installed. Run a partial upgrade…” I decide to do nothing. Do I have a development version of Ubuntu? lsb_release -a No. I see Ubuntu 24.04.3 was released on August 7th. Some conversations on the topic: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1443779/why-doesnt-this-software-updater-warning-tell-me-what-is-going-to-be-installed https://askubuntu.com/questions/1554162/ubuntu-24-04-is-asking-for-a-partial-upgrade https://www.reddit.com/r/Ubuntu/comments/1mjhbag/ubuntu_2404_is_offering_a_partial_upgrade/ I also notice that the versions are referred to as “Focal” and…

  • For Loop from Hell

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    The next part of LFS Ch. 4.2, creating a limited directory layout. Descent into Hell The manual says: As root, for i in in lib sbin; do ln -sv usr/$i $LFS/$i done Google AI Mode explained that the “usr” in this code is relative to $LFS and therefore will be in $LFS and not in…

  • Creating limited directory layout

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    Beginning LFS 4.2. I think this was the first of what was eventually five lines of code (three of which exactly as in the manual) that took two hours with Google AI Mode to establish and then quite a lot of time to carry out. Edit: That’s because it was supposed to be done with…

  • Finishing up LFS section 3.1

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    After everything is downloaded, finish section 3.1 by cleaning up the owners of the downloaded files. Check $LFS variable and that it is mounted echo $LFSmount Change all owners to root rather than to who downloaded them (as I understand it): sudo chown root:root $LFS/sources/*

  • Final list of downloaded files

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    Heidi
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    Downloaded 7/22/2025 and 7/25/2025 to $LFS/sources acl-2.3.2.tar.xz attr-2.5.2.tar.gz autoconf-2.72.tar.xz automake-1.17.tar.xz bash-5.2.37.tar.gz bc-7.0.3.tar.xz binutils-2.44.tar.xz bison-3.8.2.tar.xz bzip2-1.0.8.tar.gz check-0.15.2.tar.gz coreutils-9.6.tar.gz dbus-1.16.0.tar.xz – not in manual – retrieved by wget-list, does not have md5sum in file dejagnu-1.6.3.tar.gz diffutils-3.11.tar.gz e2fsprogs-1.47.2.tar.gz elfutils-0.192.tar.bz2 expat-2.7.1.tar.xz – downloaded from sourceforge 7/25/2025 – https://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/files/expat/2.7.1/expat-2.7.1.tar.xz/downloadsourceforge.net/projects/expat redirected from prdownloads.sourceforge.net/expat expect5.45.4.tar.gz file-5.46.tar.gz findutils-4.10.0.tar.xz flex-2.6.4.tar.gz flit_core-3.11.0.tar.gz gawk-5.3.1.tar.xz gcc-14.2.0.tar.xz gdbm-1.24.tar.gz…

  • Downloading files and patches II

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    Issue with expat Issue with expat-2.6.4.tar.xz – missing from wget-list – retrieved from 12.3 directory – “use 2.7.1 instead” Instruction is in an online forum I have lost. I had to ask Google AI Mode to find it. errata is at: linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/errata/stable The file is not at any of the file mirrors. sourceforge.net/projects/expat redirected from…

  • Downloading files and patches I

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    Heidi
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    Checking stuff first Is the directory for the downloads there, and what are its permissions? ls -l $LFS Is LFS the environment? echo $LFS Is the LFS partition mounted? mount Get all needed files, patches, and the md5sums file for 3.2 All packages from linuxfromscratch.org/mirrors.html to be downloaded to $LFS/sources with the wget-list method. 1.…

  • Directory for downloads

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    In 3.1 Introduction Create a directory for downloads, make it writable and sticky sudo mkdir -v $LFS/sourcessudo chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources mode at ‘mnt/lfs/sources’ changed from 0755 rwxr-xr-x to 1777 rwxrwxrwt Danger, Will Robinson Edit – Here is where we’re supposed to be using “sudo su -” , not “sudo.”

  • Mounting made permanent

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    Heidi
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    The manual acted like this was kind of a niche thing to do, in the odd case that you would want to shut down the PC. I only use one set of peripherals, so… So the options are to remount the partition every boot, or modify the /etc/fstab file. I backed up the fstab file…